Weather Station Monitoring System: Components & Capabilities

The Weather Station Monitoring System is an integrated environmental monitoring device mainly used for real - time collection of multiple meteorological parameters, such as wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, air temperature and humidity, dew point temperature, light intensity, soil temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, total radiation, sunshine hours, etc. Through multi - dimensional data collection, this system provides fundamental support for small - area climate research, disaster early warning, and environmental modeling.

Analysis of System Composition

Meteorological Sensor Array

As the sensing unit of the system, it adopts a modular design to achieve flexible monitoring of meteorological elements. Each sensor corresponds to a specific environmental parameter. For example, a three - cup anemometer is used for wind speed and wind direction sensors, a tipping - bucket rain gauge is used for rainfall monitoring, and a soil temperature and humidity sensor is equipped with a stainless - steel probe. Users can configure combinations according to actual needs, and it supports parallel access of multiple sensors through the RS485 interface.

Intelligent Acquisition and Transmission Unit

The core components include a 32 - bit ARM processor and an industrial - grade communication module.

The data acquisition period can be configured from 1 to 60 minutes, with a minimum resolution of 0.01 °C (for temperature) / 0.1%RH (for humidity).

It integrates 4G/5G dual - mode communication and supports seamless docking with cloud platforms through the MQTT protocol.

It is equipped with a battery pack and an MPPT solar controller to ensure 72 - hour offline operation.

Meteorological Observation Support System

It adopts a tripod structure made of carbon steel or stainless - steel. The bracket design meets the IP66 protection level, can carry an 8 - channel sensor cluster, and has a wind resistance of up to 75 m/s. It supports height adjustment from 0.5 to 3 meters above the ground to adapt to the observation needs of different underlying surfaces.

The system integrates a video monitoring interface. When the instantaneous wind speed is ≥ 17 m/s or the hourly rainfall is > 50 mm (the alarm threshold can be set by oneself), it will automatically trigger an audible and visual alarm and push early - warning information to the management platform. The data collection frequency can be up to 1 minute per time, providing highly time - effective data for the analysis of short - term severe convective weather.