Comprehensive Monitoring and Early Warning Scheme for Geological Disasters

Geological disasters pose a serious threat to people's lives and property as well as the stability of infrastructure. Therefore, establishing a scientific, effective and universal monitoring and early warning scheme is of great importance. This scheme will focus on key indicators of various geological disasters, and realize real-time dynamic monitoring and precise early warning through professional monitoring equipment.

I. Monitoring Projects and Equipment

1. Surface Displacement Monitoring

The GNSS monitoring station is used to receive global satellite navigation signals and real-time obtain three-dimensional coordinate change data of the earth's surface. With millimeter-level accuracy, this system can effectively monitor surface displacements caused by disasters such as landslides and land subsidence, providing basic data for disaster early warning.

2. Crack Monitoring

The integrated surface displacement monitoring system uses high-precision sensors to continuously monitor the changes in width, length and depth of cracks on the surface of geological bodies. Equipped with an automatic calibration function, the system can adapt to different environmental conditions, detect subtle changes in cracks in a timely manner, and judge the development trend of disasters.

3. Deep Displacement Monitoring

The integrated deep displacement monitoring system buries inclinometer pipes and sensors inside geological bodies to monitor the displacement of strata at different depths. It can accurately capture the deformation information of deep strata, providing a basis for evaluating the depth and scale of geological disaster hazards.

4. Groundwater Level Monitoring

The Pore water pressure gauge uses pressure sensors to real-time measure changes in groundwater level and pore water pressure. Through data analysis, it can predict the risk of disasters such as landslides and collapses caused by abnormal fluctuations in groundwater level.

5. Soil Moisture Content Monitoring

The integrated soil temperature and humidity monitoring system measures soil water content and temperature through sensors, and analyzes the changes in soil physical and mechanical properties. Excessively high soil moisture content is prone to reduce the shear strength of soil and trigger disasters such as landslides. This monitoring provides important references for disaster early warning.

6. Rainfall Monitoring

The integrated rainfall monitoring system adopts a tipping bucket rain gauge to automatically record rainfall and rainfall intensity. Combined with historical data and regional geological conditions, it can establish a rainfall-geological disaster relationship model and release early warning information in a timely manner.

7. Video Surveillance

The integrated video surveillance system is equipped with high-definition cameras and night vision functions to conduct real-time visual monitoring of key areas. It can intuitively observe the changes at the site of geological disasters and assist manual judgment of the disaster development trend.

8. Mud Water Level Monitoring

The mud water level monitor real-time monitors the changes in mud water level in debris flow gullies and river channels, providing data for debris flow disaster early warning.

II. Data Transmission and Processing

Each monitoring device transmits data to the monitoring center server in real time through wireless communication modules (such as 4G, NB-IoT, etc.). The server uses big data analysis technology to carry out fusion processing on multi-source data, establish a geological disaster risk assessment model, automatically identify abnormal data by setting thresholds, and generate risk level reports.

III. Early Warning Mechanism

According to the risk level, the early warning is divided into four levels: blue (general), yellow (relatively severe), orange (severe), and red (extremely severe). When the monitoring data reaches the early warning threshold, the system will automatically release early warning information through various channels such as text messages, APP pushes, and broadcasts, notify relevant departments and responsible persons, launch emergency response plans, and take measures such as personnel evacuation and engineering rescue to minimize disaster losses.

In summary, this scheme integrates various monitoring means to form a comprehensive monitoring and early warning system.